About Fundamental Bonsai Designs

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Bonsai, like a Japanese art type, is much more regulated than it is Chinese counterpart, the penjing. Bonsai attempts to achieve the perfect tree, while penjing attempts to reproduce nature. This is why best design exists in bonsai should you obey the ‘rules’, while penjing leave you totally free to your creation. As a result these are the basic types :

Broom (Hokidachi or Hoki-zukuri)

A extremely harmonious style, this kind has branches that produce at a specific height, forming an upside broom. This design is mainly accomplished by means of a technique referred to as the “V” cut. The trunk is chopped where you want the branch to commence to create and then a deep V cut is performed on the remaining trunk. This will induce buds to break near the cut. Zelkova serrata are notorious for this styling but maple and other deciduous species can easily be styled that way.

Formal Upright (Chokkan)

A tree styled the “chokkan” way has a straight trunk tapering graciously from bottom to best. The initial and biggest branch is frequently situated at 1/3 with the desired height with the tree and is about the right or the left. The following branch is situated around the opposite aspect, while the third is within the back developing the perception depth. As we look in the branch structure from bottom to best, the branches are getting thinner, making a pyramidal form.

Informal Upright (Moyogi)

This style is extremely related to the previously mentionned model since the exact same guidelines of style apply, nonetheless, the trunk isn’t straight but rather forms a sinuous form whilst remaining tapered. This design is frequently employed with conifers.

Slanting (Shakan)

As soon as again, this style is the very same as the formal upright except that the trunk is leaning on one aspect. Branches are grown uniformly about the trunk like the formal/informal upright styles but the apex is tilted for the opposite side from the trunk giving a visual balanced effect.

Cascade (Kengai)

This design needs an inclined trunk which is preferably at a 45 degree angle. The major portion from the foliage is below the pot line and at times goes beyond the pot itself. It frequently represents a tree increasing on the aspect of cliff. A deep pot is used for this style.

Semi-cascade (Han-Kengai)

Similar to the Kengai design, this design also has an inclinated trunk. However, the foliage remains in the height from the pot line. In nature, we can see this style around a waterway, the foliage having grown on the part and leaning towards the water. While the cascade design uses a deeper pot, this design uses a medium depth pot.

Windswept (Fukinagashi)

A “windswept” tree represents a tree that has been increasing in the specific shape due to natural elements .
Generally caused by strong wind, the trunk is often inclinated inside a particular direction and all branches have grown about the same aspect.

Literati (Bunjin)

This design is frequently represented in Japanese paintings. It is really a tree with a tall and sinuous trunk. The foliage only grows around the summit of the tree. This styling is somewhat an exception to the rigorous guidelines of bonsai simply because it does not have certain guidelines. It represents what the bunjin movement is in Japan: the search for liberty.

Group/Forest (Yose-ue)

This styling frequently represents a forest or a tiny cluster of trees. It’s supposed to be styled in the way which will clearly represent the increasing habits of trees inside a group. Several techinques can be utilized to accomplish this styling and several perception strategies are utilized to create the illusion of a forest, or as Naka would say, “having the top quality from the invisible beauty of nature”. To respect the Japanese art type, an odd number of trees is prefered for this design.

Raft (Ikadabuki)

The very same rules of the group planting apply to this model. However, all from the trunks emerge from 1 typical trunk. This method is frequently achieved using a branch placed verticaly within the soil. The roots kind this branch as well as the upper part from the vertical branch create secondary branches that may eventually turn out to be the trunks.

Multi-trunk Model (Sokan – Sankan)

This multi-trunk model has diverse possibilities. The very first, which is known as “Sokan”, consists of two trunks emerging through the exact same noticeable roots (nebari). The styling of the upper component from the tree should respect the same principles as the formal / informal upright styles previously described. One more variance consists with the same but with three trunks emerging through the visible roots. This is known as “Sankan”. You are able to also have a lot more than 3 trunks but to respect Japanese bonsai, it is prefered to have an odd number of trunks.

Roots More than Rock (Ishitsuki)

This styling has the particular charactreristics of having numerous visible roots developing more than a rock and finding their way towards the pot/soil.

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